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United States Court of Claims
The Court of Claims was a federal court that heard claims against the United States government. It was established in 1855 as the ''Court of Claims'', renamed in 1948 to the United States Court of Claims (), and abolished in 1982. At that time, its jurisdiction was largely assumed by the newly created United States Court of Federal Claims.
Before the Court of Claims was established, monetary claims against the federal government were normally submitted through petitions to Congress. By the time of the Court's creation, this workload had become unwieldy, so Congress gave the Court jurisdiction to hear all monetary claims based upon a law, a regulation, or a federal government contract. The Court was required to report its findings to Congress and to prepare bills for payments to claimants whose petitions were approved by the Court; since only Congress was constitutionally empowered to make appropriations, Congress still had to approve these bills and reports, but it usually did so pro forma.
The Court originally had three judges, who were given lifetime appointments. The judges were authorized to appoint commissioners to take depositions and issue subpoenas. The federal government was represented in the Court by a solicitor appointed by the President.
==History==
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